Doing Business in China: A Guide for Canadian Exporters and Investors - Export Development Canada (EDC)
1 China’s business enviRonMent g CONTENTS 1.3.2 General resources for exporters › Export Development Canada (EDC) is a Crown corporation that provides financial services and global market expertise to Canadian exporters. It’s an invaluable resource for companies involved in foreign trade. › Canada Business is one of the first places you should go for general export information. It’s a collaborative network of federal (and in some cases provincial) government services that help Canadian entrepreneurs and exporters build their companies. › Canada’s International Market Access Priorities describes the federal government’s priorities for improving Canadian access to foreign markets. It is updated yearly. › The Department of Foreign Affairs and International Trade (DFAIT) provides information about foreign affairs, foreign policy, travel information, the Canadian economy and international trade. › CanadExport is a free, online magazine published by DFAIT (see above). It provides news about trade opportunities, export programs, trade fairs, business missions and more. › For information about goods that require Canadian government export permits before they can be exported to China, refer to DFAIT’s Export and Import Controls. › Industry Canada is an excellent source of information, offering market reports as well as the Trade Data Online research tool. › The U.S. Commercial Service has a range of useful research tools, including market reports and commercial guides related to world markets. http://www.edc.ca/ http://www.canadabusiness.ca/ http://www.international.gc.ca/trade-agreements-accords-commerciaux/cimar-rcami/2009/index.aspx?lang=en http://www.international.gc.ca/ http://www.international.gc.ca/canadexport/ http://www.international.gc.ca/controls-controles/index.aspx http://www.strategis.gc.ca/ic_wp-pa.htm http://www.trade.gov/cs/ eDC | Doing business in China12 1 China’s business enviRonMent g CONTENTS CHENGDU CHONGQING DALIAN GUANGZHOU MACAU QINGDAO SHANGHAI HONG KONG SHENZHEN XIAN TIANJIN GOLMUD HAILAR HAMI HOTAN KARAMAY KASHI KORLA LHASA QIEMO SHIHEZI SHIQUAN YINING YUMEN BAOTOU BENXI CHANGSHA DANDONG DUKOU FENG CHENG FUSHUN FUZHOU GUIYANG HARBIN HUANGSHI JIAXING JILIN JINGDEZHEN JIXI KAIFENG KUNMING LANZHOU LIAOYUAN MIANYANG NANJING NANNING NINGBO PINGXIANG QIQIHAR SHANG RAO SHANTOU SHAOGUAN SHIJIAZHUANG TAIAN TANGSHAN URUMQI WENZHOU WUXI XIAMEN XINING XUZHOU YINCHUAN YINGKOU ZAOZHUANG ZHANGJIAKOU TAIPEI CHANGCHUN DATONG FUXIN HANDAN HANGZHOU HEFEI HOHHOT HUAIBEI HUAINAN HUZHOU JINAN JINZHOU LUOYANG NANCHANG TAIYUAN WUHAN WUHU YUEYANG ZIGONG Beijing Beijing Tiajin Corridor Yangtze River Delta Pearl River Delta RUSSIA KYRGYZSTAN INDIA C H I N A KAZAKHSTAN MYANMAR NEPAL BHUTAN VIETNAM LAOS BANGLADESH PHILIPPINES MONGOLIA SOUTH KOREA NORTH KOREA JAPAN PAKISTAN TAIWAN HAINAN Hulun Nur L. Balqash L. Chany Amur Ganges Huang Ha Mekong Tarim R. Bay of Bengal East China Sea Sea of Japan (East Sea) South China Sea Yellow Sea Gulf of Tonkin Pacific Ocean Population: 1.33 billion (July 2010 estimate) Official language: Mandarin with many dialects throughout the country. Main imports: machinery and equipment, oil and mineral fuels, plastics, medical equipment, organic chemicals, iron and steel. Canadian exports: pulp and paper, industrial chemicals, auto parts, electrical machinery, agrifood. Largest import partners: Japan 12.3%, south Korea 9%, taiwan 6.8%, us 7.7%, germany 5.5% (2009) Climate: extremely diverse; tropical in south to sub-arctic in north. Currency: Chinese yuan (CnY) note: also referred to as the Renminbi (RMb) Time difference: +13 hours (eastern standard time)/ +12 hours (daylight savings time) Business hours: Monday to Friday, 8:30 a.m. to 5:30 p.m. (with an hour for lunch). Government office hours: Mondays to Fridays: 8:30 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. QUICK FACTS Amur Salween Yangtze Jinsha R. Amur Yangtze Huang Ha R y u k y u I s l a n d s Mekong Brahmaputra Ganges Salween R. Formosa Str. Jinsha R. Irtysh Salween R. Indus Huang Ha Irtysh eDC | Doing business in China13 g CONTENTS 2 enteRing China’s MaRKets For a small or medium-sized company, starting to do business in China can be a substantial undertaking. a successful venture will take time, financial commitment and human resources, and the costs of travel, research and marketing may be high. nevertheless, many smaller firms have done well in China, and have found that they can sell to Chinese customers just as effectively as large companies. however, if your business is completely new to exporting, you probably shouldn’t pick China for your first foreign venture; the market is far too complex and there are far too many pitfalls for the inexperienced. but if you already have a solid foundation in exporting, a Chinese venture may work out very well for you. eDC | Doing business in China14 2 enteRing China’s MaRKets g CONTENTS 2.1 China’s many markets China has more than 50 distinguishable markets, but most of Canada’s exporters to the country have concentrated on the geographical regions described in this section. 2.1.1 The Beijing-Tianjin corridor The adjacent cities of Beijing and Tianjin, and the corridor between them, are at the core of economic development in north-central China. Beijing’s dense population and vigorous economy made it a centre for China’s early industrial growth, with iron, steel, coal, machinery, chemicals, petroleum, textiles and electronics as economic mainstays. Beijing itself has been undergoing a transformation in recent years as China has matured economically. Financial businesses have supplanted many of the heavy industries that have either been compelled to reduce emissions or have relocated to less developed regions. With more than 30 universities and 40 scientific research institutions, Beijing is also a centre of culture, education, science and technology. Tianjin, being an export-processing centre for a wide range of products, has become an important part of the region’s manufacturing base. Its major industries include automobiles, electronics, petrochemicals, metallurgy, medicine, building materials, plastic products, consumer goods and food. It is also a major transportation hub, lying as it does at the intersection of two main railway lines and possessing a seaport with the biggest container dock in China. 2.1.2 Shanghai and the Yangtze River Delta The Yangtze River Delta, which covers the Shanghai municipality and parts of the provinces of Jiangsu and Zhejiang, is a highly urbanized region with several major cities including Suzhou, Nanjing and Ningbo. It has less than 1 per cent of China’s land and 5.8 per cent of its population, but according to official statistics, it accounts for about 20 per cent of the country’s GDP, 22 per cent of its tax revenues and 35 per cent of its imports and exports. Because of its huge industrial and manufacturing base, the region’s companies need a wide range of natural resources and commodities such as wheat, pulp and paper, sulphur, iron ore, copper, nickel and potash. The economic giant of the region is the municipality of Shanghai, which is now China’s leading financial and commercial centre. The municipality includes the Pudong Special Economic Zone, which in turn contains the Lujiazui Finance and Trade Zone; the latter is intended as China’s new financial hub and is already home to the country’s biggest stock market. Suzhou serves as a base for manufacturing for many foreign companies. Nanjing is a hub for the automotive sector as well as the electronics, energy, and iron and steel industries. Ningbo is a growing economic port with transportation links and services for regional centres. China and the new exporter in some cases, China can be a suitable foreign market even for a company with no export experience. this may be the case if the company’s product or service is uniquely suited to China, or if the company’s management is familiar with the country through family ties or for other reasons. if this applies to your business, you might begin by consulting some guides that will introduce you to the basic mechanisms of exporting. several useful ones are found at Canada Business, which contains guides to the steps involved in exporting and the basics in doing business in other countries, as well as additional general information. Check their website or call 1-888-576-4444. http://www.canadabusiness.ca/eng/105/165/ eDC | Doing business in China15 2 enteRing China’s MaRKets g CONTENTS 2.1.3 The Pearl River Delta The Pearl River Delta consists of the nine prefectures of the province of Guangdong, plus Macau and Hong Kong (treated separately below). The region has extensive mineral resources that include tungsten, tin, molybdenum and copper. It is also one of China’s chief industrial areas, producing sugar, garments, leather, paper, stationery, pharmaceuticals, plastics, cement, consumer electronics, electrical machinery and communications equipment. Agri-food output includes meat, jute and tropical crops. The region is well provided with seaports, airports and railway infrastructure, and is home to the Guangzhou Economic and Technological Development Zone (GETDZ), the Shenzhen SEZ, the Zhuhai SEZ and the Shantou SEZ. 2.1.4 Hong Kong Hong Kong is something of a special case. Before China began to liberalize its trade policies, Hong Kong was the preferred launching pad for Canadian exporters wanting to enter the Chinese market. As liberalization has progressed and China has become more open, however, it has made more sense for many companies to go directly into China. As well, potential Chinese partners and customers sometimes"